Cilantro/Coriander Growing Guide

Introduction to Cilantro/Coriander

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) is a versatile herb known by different names depending on which part of the plant you're using. The leaves are called cilantro, while the seeds are called coriander. Native to regions spanning from Southern Europe to Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia, cilantro is now grown worldwide and is a staple in many cuisines, especially Mexican, Indian, and Asian dishes. This fast-growing herb is not only delicious but also relatively easy to grow, making it perfect for both beginner and experienced gardeners.

Popular Cilantro Varieties

There are several varieties of cilantro, each with its unique flavor profile and growth characteristics. Here are some of the most popular types you might consider growing:

• Slow Bolt - As the name suggests, this variety is slower to bolt (flower), giving you a longer harvest window for the leaves.
• Leisure - Another slow-bolting variety with large, flavorful leaves and good heat tolerance.
• Calypso - A compact variety that's ideal for container growing and has excellent flavor.
• Santo - A popular variety with large leaves and strong flavor, known for its slow bolting.
• Confetti - A unique variety with finely divided, lacy leaves that resemble parsley but have a distinct cilantro flavor.
• Moroccan - A variety known for its strong flavor and aroma, particularly popular in Middle Eastern cuisine.

Planting Cilantro

Cilantro is a cool-weather herb that thrives in temperatures between 50-85°F (10-29°C). It tends to bolt (flower and go to seed) quickly in hot weather, so timing is crucial for a successful harvest.

Starting from Seeds

Starting cilantro from seeds is the most common method as it doesn't transplant well due to its taproot. Here's how to do it:

• Plant seeds directly in the garden or containers after the last frost date in spring.
• For a continuous harvest, sow seeds every 2-3 weeks throughout the growing season.
• Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep and 1-2 inches apart in rows that are 12 inches apart.
• Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
• Seeds should germinate in 7-10 days.
• Once seedlings are 2 inches tall, thin them to stand 6-8 inches apart.

Fall Planting

In mild climates, cilantro can be planted in fall for a winter harvest:

• Plant seeds 6-8 weeks before the first expected frost date.
• The plants will grow slowly in cooler weather but produce tender, flavorful leaves.
• In regions with mild winters, cilantro may continue growing through the season.

Soil Requirements

Cilantro thrives in well-draining soil with a pH between 6.2 and 6.8. Here's how to prepare the perfect growing environment:

• Work 2-3 inches of compost into the top 6-8 inches of soil before planting.
• Ensure good drainage, as cilantro doesn't tolerate waterlogged soil.
• For container growing, use a high-quality potting mix rather than garden soil.
• Consider adding a balanced organic fertilizer at planting time to give plants a good start.

Watering and Feeding

Proper watering and feeding are essential for healthy cilantro plants:

• Water cilantro regularly to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during dry spells.
• Avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf diseases; water at the base of the plant instead.
• Apply a layer of organic mulch around plants to help retain soil moisture and keep roots cool.
• Fertilize sparingly, as too much nitrogen can reduce the flavor intensity of the leaves.
• If needed, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer at half strength once during the growing season.

Pruning and Harvesting

Regular harvesting not only provides you with fresh cilantro but also encourages bushier growth and delays bolting:

• Begin harvesting when plants are about 6 inches tall and have several leaves.
• Harvest outer leaves first, leaving the inner leaves to continue growing.
• Cut leaves with scissors rather than pulling them to avoid damaging the plant.
• Harvest in the morning when the essential oils are at their peak for the best flavor.
• To harvest coriander seeds, allow some plants to flower and develop seed heads.
• When the seeds turn brown and dry, cut the entire seed head and place it in a paper bag to finish drying.

Common Pests and Problems

While cilantro is relatively easy to grow, it can face some challenges. Here are common issues and how to address them:

• Aphids - These small insects can cluster on new growth. Control with insecticidal soap or a strong spray of water.
• Spider Mites - These tiny pests can cause stippling on leaves. Increase humidity and use insecticidal soap if needed.
• Leaf Miners - These pests create tunnels in the leaves. Remove affected leaves and use row covers to prevent infestation.
• Bolting - Cilantro bolts quickly in hot weather. Plant in partial shade during hot months and choose slow-bolting varieties.
• Root Rot - Caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering.

Companion Planting

Cilantro is an excellent companion plant that can benefit other garden plants:

• Tomatoes - Cilantro can help repel tomato hornworms and other pests.
• Peppers - Cilantro can help deter aphids and spider mites that affect peppers.
• Spinach - Cilantro can provide shade for spinach during hot weather.
• Beans - Cilantro can attract beneficial insects that prey on pests that damage beans.

Storing and Preserving Cilantro

To enjoy your cilantro harvest beyond the growing season, consider these preservation methods:

• Fresh Storage - Place cut stems in a glass of water and refrigerate, covering loosely with a plastic bag.
• Freezing - Chop leaves and freeze in ice cube trays with water or olive oil for easy use in cooking.
• Drying - Hang small bunches upside down in a warm, dry, well-ventilated area. Once dry, crumble leaves and store in an airtight container.
• Coriander Seeds - Store dried seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dark place for up to a year.

Growing Cilantro Indoors

Cilantro is well-suited for indoor growing, allowing you to enjoy fresh herbs year-round:

• Choose a container that's at least 8 inches deep with drainage holes.
• Place in a south-facing window that receives at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
• Supplement with grow lights if natural light is insufficient.
• Use a well-draining potting mix and keep the soil consistently moist.
• Harvest regularly to encourage bushy growth and prevent bolting.
• Consider succession planting by starting new seeds every few weeks for a continuous supply.